8658 
2662创业倦怠是创业者在创业过程中经历的一种持续的、消极的创业情感，涉及创业者的情绪衰竭、认知下降、动机减弱等情感变化。本文通过对相关文献的梳理和整合，从情绪、认知、动机三元要素重新界定创业倦怠的内涵，厘清了职业倦怠与创业倦怠的异同，梳理并指出了国内外创业倦怠量表的类型与不足，从影响因素、过程与机制、情境和条件三个维度揭示了创业倦怠的形成机制，阐述了创业倦怠对个体、组织的影响作用，在此基础上构建了创业倦怠整体研究框架，提出了创业倦怠的层次演化、动态演化等未来研究方向及研究方法。本研究丰富了创业情感理论，对创业实践活动具有较强的指导价值。
创业倦怠研究现状探析与未来展望
摘要
参考文献
7 李纪珍, 周江华, 谷海洁. 女性创业者合法性的构建与重塑过程研究[J]. 管理世界,2019, 35(6): 142-160. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-5502.2019.06.012
11 周冬梅, 陈雪琳, 杨俊, 等. 创业研究回顾与展望[J]. 管理世界,2020, 36(1): 206-225,243. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-5502.2020.01.017
12 Agle B R, Nagarajan N J, Sonnenfeld J A, et al. Does CEO charisma matter? An empirical analysis of the relationships among organizational performance, environmental uncertainty, and top management team perceptions of CEO charisma[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2006, 49(1): 161-174. DOI:10.5465/amj.2006.20785800
13 Babalola S S. The role of socio-psychological capital assets on identification with self-employment and perceived entrepreneurial success among spilled professionals[J]. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship,2010, 23(2): 159-172.
14 Barsade S G. The Ripple effect: Emotional contagion and its influence on group behavior[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,2002, 47(4): 644-675. DOI:10.2307/3094912
15 Belaid S, Hamrouni A. How entrepreneurs burnout? A narrative approach to understanding entrepreneurship burnout[J]. International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research,2016, 1(6): 786-805.
16 Ben Tahar Y, Torres O. Une étude exploratoire du burnout des dirigeants de pme[J]. Les Cahiers des RPS,2013, 21(6): 25-28.
17 Block J, Kremen A M. Iq and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1996, 70(2): 349-361. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.349
18 Boles J S, Dean D H, Ricks J M, et al. The dimensionality of the maslach burnout inventory across small business owners and educators[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior,2000, 56(1): 12-34. DOI:10.1006/jvbe.1999.1689
19 Burnette J L, Pollack J M. Implicit theories of work and job fit: Implications for job and life satisfaction[J]. Basic and Applied Social Psychology,2013, 35(4): 360-372. DOI:10.1080/01973533.2013.803964
20 Byrne O, Shepherd D A. Different strokes for different folks: Entrepreneurial narratives of emotion, cognition, and making sense of business failure[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2015, 39(2): 375-405. DOI:10.1111/etap.12046
21 Cacciotti G, Hayton J C, Mitchell J R, et al. Entrepreneurial fear of failure: Scale development and validation[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2020, 35(5): 106041. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106041
22 Cardon M S, Gregoire D A, Stevens C E, et al. Measuring entrepreneurial passion: Conceptual foundations and scale validation[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2013, 28(3): 373-396. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.003
23 Cardon M S, Post C, Forster W R. Team entrepreneurial passion: Its emergence and influence in new venture teams[J]. Academy of Management Review,2017, 42(2): 283-305. DOI:10.5465/amr.2014.0356
24 Chen X P, Yao X, Kotha S. Entrepreneur passion and preparedness in business plan presentations: A persuasion analysis of venture capitalists' funding decisions[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2009, 52(1): 199-214. DOI:10.5465/amj.2009.36462018
25 Choi J N, Sung S Y, Lee K, et al. Balancing cognition and emotion: Innovation implementation as a function of cognitive appraisal and emotional reactions toward innovation[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior,2011, 32(1): 107-124. DOI:10.1002/job.684
26 Cropanzano R, Dasborough M T, Weiss H M. Affective events and the development of leader-member exchange[J]. Academy of Management Review,2016, 42(2): 233-258.
27 Das T K, Teng B S. Time and entrepreneurial risk behavior[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,1998, 22(2): 69-88. DOI:10.1177/104225879802200206
28 De Mol E, Cardon M S, De Jong B, et al. Entrepreneurial passion diversity in new venture teams: An empirical examination of short- and long-term performance implications[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2020, 35(4): 105965. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.105965
29 De Mol E, Ho V T, Pollack J M. Predicting entrepreneurial burnout in a moderated mediated model of job fit[J]. Journal of Small Business Management,2018, 56(3): 392-411. DOI:10.1111/jsbm.12275
30 Delaye R, Boudrandi S. L’épuisement professionnel chez le manager de proximité: Le rôle régulateur de l’entreprise dans la prévention du Burnout[J]. Management & Avenir,2010, 32(2): 254-269.
31 Fatoki O. Entrepreneurial stress, burnout, intention to quit and performance of immigrant-owned small businesses in south Africa[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneurship,2019, 23(4): 1-15.
32 Fernet C, Torrès O, Austin S, et al. The psychological costs of owning and managing an SME: Linking job stressors, occupational loneliness, entrepreneurial orientation, and burnout[J]. Burnout Research,2016, 3(2): 45-53. DOI:10.1016/j.burn.2016.03.002
33 Godkin L, Allcorn S. Overcoming organizational inertia: A tripartite model for achieving strategic organizational change[J]. Journal of Applied Business and Economics,2008, 8(1): 82-95.
34 Grant S, Ferris K. Identifying sources of occupational stress in entrepreneurs for measurement[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing,2012, 4(4): 351-373. DOI:10.1504/IJEV.2012.049828
35 Gryskiewicz N, Buttner E H. Testing the robustness of the progressive phase burnout model for a sample of entrepreneurs[J]. Educational and Psychological Measurement,1992, 52(3): 747-751. DOI:10.1177/0013164492052003025
36 Hatak I, Rauch A, Fink M, et al. Business start-up, burn-out and start-up success[J]. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research,2016, 36(5): 2.
37 Haynie J M, Shepherd D. Toward a theory of discontinuous career transition: Investigating career transitions necessitated by traumatic life events[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2011, 96(3): 501-524. DOI:10.1037/a0021450
38 Hessels J, Grilo I, Thurik R, et al. Entrepreneurial exit and entrepreneurial engagement[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2011, 21(3): 447-471. DOI:10.1007/s00191-010-0190-4
39 Hillebrandt A, Barclay L J. Comparing integral and incidental emotions: Testing insights from emotions as social information theory and attribution theory[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2017, 102(5): 732-752. DOI:10.1037/apl0000174
40 Hoang H, Gimeno J. Becoming a founder: How founder role identity affects entrepreneurial transitions and persistence in founding[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2010, 25(1): 41-53. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.07.002
41 Hsu D K, Wiklund J, Cotton R D. Success, failure, and entrepreneurial reentry: An experimental assessment of the veracity of self–efficacy and prospect theory[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2017, 41(1): 19-47. DOI:10.1111/etap.12166
42 Hsu D K. ‘This is my venture!’ the effect of psychological ownership on intention to reenter entrepreneurship[J]. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship,2013, 26(4): 387-402.
43 Kailer N, Huber L, Oner Z H, et al. Entrepreneurial burnout: A systematic review and research map[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business,2019, 1(1): 1.
44 Khairuddin S M H S, Salim L, Saidun Z, et al. Entrepreneurial stress, burnout and intention to quit: An examination on Mara entrepreneurs[J]. Asian Journal of Scientific Research,2016, 9(4): 171-175. DOI:10.3923/ajsr.2016.171.175
45 Koudstaal M, Sloof R, Van Praag M. Risk, uncertainty, and entrepreneurship: Evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment[J]. Management Science,2016, 62(10): 2897-2915. DOI:10.1287/mnsc.2015.2249
46 Langowitz N, Minniti M. The entrepreneurial propensity of women[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2007, 31(3): 341-364. DOI:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00177.x
47 Lavrenčič J, Bukovec B, Karpljuk D, et al. Burnout and lifestyle of principals and entrepreneurs[J]. RUO:Revija Za Univerzalno Odličnost,2014, 3(4): 147-161.
48 Lechat T, Torrès O. Exploring negative affect in entrepreneurial activity: Effects on emotional stress and contribution to burnout[J]. Emotions and Organizational Governance,2016, 12: 69-99.
49 Lee D Y, Tsang E W K. The effects of entrepreneurial personality, background and network activities on venture growth[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2001, 38(4): 583-602. DOI:10.1111/1467-6486.00250
50 Leiter M P. Coping patterns as predictors of burnout: the function of control and escapist coping patterns[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior,1991, 12(2): 123-144. DOI:10.1002/job.4030120205
51 Li J J, Chen X P, Kotha S, et al. Catching fire and spreading it: A glimpse into displayed entrepreneurial passion in crowdfunding campaigns[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2017, 102(7): 1075-1090. DOI:10.1037/apl0000217
52 Mathias B D, Williams D W. The impact of role identities on entrepreneurs’ evaluation and selection of opportunities[J]. Journal of Management,2017, 43(3): 892-918. DOI:10.1177/0149206314544747
53 Murnieks C Y, Mosakowski E, Cardon M S. Pathways of passion: Identity centrality, passion, and behavior among entrepreneurs[J]. Journal of Management,2014, 40(6): 1583-1606. DOI:10.1177/0149206311433855
54 Navis C, Ozbek O V. The right people in the wrong places: The paradox of entrepreneurial entry and successful opportunity realization[J]. Academy of Management Review,2016, 41(1): 109-129. DOI:10.5465/amr.2013.0175
55 Omrane A, Kammoun A, Seaman C. Entrepreneurial burnout: Causes, consequences and way out[J]. FIIB Business Review,2018, 7(1): 28-42. DOI:10.1177/2319714518767805
56 Packard M D, Clark B B, Klein P G. Uncertainty types and transitions in the entrepreneurial process[J]. Organization Science,2017, 28(5): 840-856. DOI:10.1287/orsc.2017.1143
57 Perry S J, Penney L M, Witt L A. Coping with the constraints of self-employment: A person-situation model of entrepreneurial burnout[J]. Academy of Management Proceedings,2008, 2008(1): 1-6.
58 Polites G L, Karahanna E. Shackled to the status quo: The inhibiting effects of incumbent system habit, switching costs, and inertia on new system acceptance[J]. Mis Quarterly,2012, 36(1): 21-42. DOI:10.2307/41410404
59 Powell E E, Baker T. It’s what you make of it: Founder identity and enacting strategic responses to adversity[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2014, 57(5): 1406-1433. DOI:10.5465/amj.2012.0454
60 Schaper M, Mankelow G, Gibson B. Are serial entrepreneurs different? An examination of Australian Microfirms[J]. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship,2007, 20(1): 15-24.
61 Shepherd D A. Learning from business failure: Propositions of grief recovery for the self-employed[J]. The Academy of Management Review,2003, 28(2): 318-328. DOI:10.2307/30040715
62 Sherman C L, Randall C, Kauanui S K. Are you happy yet? entrepreneurs’ subjective well-being[J]. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion,2016, 13(1): 7-23.
63 Steffens N K, Yang J, Jetten J, et al. The unfolding impact of leader identity entrepreneurship on burnout, work engagement, and turnover intentions[J]. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2018, 23(3): 373-387. DOI:10.1037/ocp0000090
64 Stephan U. Entrepreneurs’ mental health and well-being: A review and research agenda[J]. Academy of Management Perspectives,2018, 32(3): 290-322. DOI:10.5465/amp.2017.0001
65 Sy T, Choi J N, Johnson S K. Reciprocal interactions between group perceptions of leader charisma and group mood through mood contagion[J]. The Leadership Quarterly,2013, 24(4): 463-476. DOI:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.02.002
66 Sy T, Côté S, Saavedra R. The contagious leader: Impact of the leader's mood on the mood of group members, group affective tone, and group processes[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2005, 90(2): 295-305. DOI:10.1037/0021-9010.90.2.295
67 Tetrick L E, Slack K J, Da Silva N, et al. A comparison of the stress–strain process for business owners and nonowners: Differences in job demands, emotional exhaustion, satisfaction, and social support[J]. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2000, 5(4): 464-476. DOI:10.1037/1076-8998.5.4.464
68 Ucbasaran D, Westhead P, Wright M, et al. The nature of entrepreneurial experience, business failure and comparative optimism[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2010, 25(6): 541-555. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.04.001
69 Vallerand R J, Blanchard C, Mageau G A, et al. Les passions de l'âme: On obsessive and harmonious passion[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2003, 85(4): 756-767. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.85.4.756
70 Voltmer E, Spahn C, Schaarschmidt U, et al. Work-related behavior and experience patterns of entrepreneurs compared to teachers and physicians[J]. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2011, 84(5): 479-490. DOI:10.1007/s00420-011-0632-9
71 Wang D, Sutcliffe A, Zeng X J. A trust-based multi-ego social network model to investigate emotion diffusion[J]. Social Network Analysis and Mining,2011, 1(4): 287-299. DOI:10.1007/s13278-011-0019-7
72 Wei X Y, Cang S X, Hisrich R D. Entrepreneurial stressors as predictors of entrepreneurial burnout[J]. Psychological Reports,2015, 116(1): 74-88. DOI:10.2466/01.14.PR0.116k13w1
73 Wennberg K, Wiklund J, Detienne D R, et al. Reconceptualizing entrepreneurial exit: Divergent exit routes and their drivers[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2010, 25(4): 361-375. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.01.001
74 Westhead P, Ucbasaran D, Wright M. Experience and cognition: Do novice, serial and portfolio entrepreneurs differ?[J]. International Small Business Journal,2005, 23(1): 72-98. DOI:10.1177/0266242605049104
75 Westhead P, Wright M. Novice, portfolio, and serial founders: Are they different?[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,1998, 13(3): 173-204. DOI:10.1016/S0883-9026(97)90002-1
76 Zhao H, Seibert S E, Hills G E. The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2005, 90(6): 1265-1272. DOI:10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1265
引用本文
刘玉斌, 张贵娟, 宋爽. 创业倦怠研究现状探析与未来展望[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2022, 44(2): 136-152.
导出参考文献，格式为：
