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①“高管团队”最初主要是指高管层,包括CEO、总经理、副总经理以及直接向他们汇报工作的高级经理(Hambrick和Mason,1984;Finkelstein,1992;West等,1996;Li等,1999),他们被统一称为“高层主管”(top executives)或“高层管理者”(top manager),简称“高管”。随着高阶理论被扩展应用到董事会研究(Hambrick,2001;Carpenter等,2004;Finkelstein等,2008;Hambrick等,2008;Horner,2011;Ben-Amar等,2013),高管团队也开始包括董事会主席、副主席等董事会中的执行董事。但在一般情况下,如无特别说明,高管团队就是高管层,两者通用。