工业机器人作为人工智能技术在生产领域的核心载体引发了就业转移趋势和产业布局模式的深刻变革。文章利用中国家庭追踪调查数据和城市机器人渗透度数据,分析了机器人应用对劳动者就业转移的影响。研究发现:本地机器人应用显著促进了劳动者跨省就业回流,但对省内跨市回流的影响较弱,且这一效应在“中技能”和“低技能”劳动者中更加明显;影响机制方面,机器人应用通过缩小地区间收入水平和产业分布差异,进而促进劳动者就业回流;在机器人应用影响就业转移过程中,城市的土地等资源稀缺程度发挥关键作用,稀缺资源限制了机器人应用引发的就业创造效应,并阻碍了本地就业需求增长,导致资源约束度高的城市的就业回流减弱和就业“挤出效应”增强。文章验证了机器人应用对就业回流的积极作用,为制定智能转型背景下的人才政策提供了参考。
机器人应用对就业转移的影响
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刘东升, 王永中. 机器人应用对就业转移的影响[J]. 财经研究, 2025, 51(2): 79-93.
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