Interdependence is the degree of interrelating influence between organizational units, and the source of organization power. As an essential expansion and complementation to resource dependence theory (RDT), interdependence is key to understanding inter-organizational competition and cooperation relationships. This paper firstly clarifies the definition of interdependence as one phenomenon which describes inter-organizational influence and demands, and meanwhile proposes that organization power depends on the degree of dependence. After that, this paper further discusses dimensions of interdependence from three aspects, viz joint dependence and dependence asymmetry, structural dependence and process dependence, symmetric dependence and asymmetric dependence, and reviews and evaluates corresponding influencing factors and dependent variables. Especially, this paper systematically clarifies and reviews dependent variables of joint dependence and dependence asymmetry based on exchange theory, from different aspects of dual exchange relations and focal firms. Finally, this paper proposes several promising directions, hoping providing implications for future studies in interdependence, even in RDT related research.