党的二十大报告提出,要全面推进乡村发展,坚持城乡融合发展,畅通城乡要素流动。长期以来,经济学家普遍认为解决乡村发展问题的关键在城市,但是何种城乡空间结构有利于乡村发展?关于这一问题的讨论较少。因此,文章利用卫星数据识别出高精度的村级行政单位人口分布和土地利用类型分布,考察乡村到城市的距离对乡村人口增长与建设用地扩张的影响,并引入增量距离来讨论城乡空间结构对乡村发展的重要作用。研究发现:(1)平均而言,到最近城市的距离越近,乡村的人口和建设用地增长越大,但这一效应会随城市规模扩大而减弱。当城市规模超过一定阈值时,乡村离城市较近反而不利于其人口增长。(2)数量众多的小城市在乡村发展中有更为重要的作用,同时,等级有序的城乡空间结构更能够带动乡村发展。(3)从南北方比较来看,南方的城乡空间结构对乡村发展的促进效应显著优于北方,北方乡村“人走村扩”现象更多。文章认为,要重视小城市对于乡村发展的直接带动作用,通过建立层级有序的多中心城市网络来促进乡村发展,同时,需要关注大城市因“虹吸效应”导致的乡村人地空间错配问题。
城乡空间结构对乡村人口和建设用地增长的影响——基于人地空间错配视角的考察
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刘修岩, 张蕊, 倪克金, 等. 城乡空间结构对乡村人口和建设用地增长的影响——基于人地空间错配视角的考察[J]. 财经研究, 2024, 50(10): 154-168.
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