6387 
6951就业是最大的民生，现有文献较少关注环境污染的就业效应，并且忽略了环境污染的内生性问题。文章基于2003−2013年中国285个城市的面板数据，根据2005年底环保问责制政策引起的两控区城市与非两控区城市SO2排放的外生变化，利用工具变量法和双重差分法识别了SO2排放对劳动力就业的影响。研究发现，SO2排放量每增加1%，劳动力就业人数则减少0.3345个百分点；SO2排放显著制约了第二产业和第三产业的就业人数，但增加了第一产业的就业人数；SO2排放的就业抑制效应在高经济发展和高人力资本的子样本中更为显著；环保问责制政策的减排效应具有“周期性波动”特征，短期效果明显，而长期效果则大打折扣。就经济成本看，SO2排放每年导致的就业损失超过250万人，经济损失年平均在540亿元左右，且成本逐年上升。文章的研究结论阐释了“绿水青山就是金山银山”的深刻寓意，从劳动力就业视角为环境政策的成本效益评估提供了新证据。
环境污染对劳动力就业的影响——来自环保问责制的证据
摘要
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引用本文
张华. 环境污染对劳动力就业的影响——来自环保问责制的证据[J]. 财经研究, 2019, 45(6): 42-56.
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