Modern industrial system is an important carrier for accelerating the development of new productivity, which is of great significance for promoting high-quality development. Therefore, it is necessary to make theoretical analysis on the construction of modern industrial system.

This paper analyzes the main content of modern industrial system based on the perspective of Marxist economics. On the basis of the exploration of the relationship among productive forces, production relations, and superstructure, this paper forms three driving forces of the construction of modern industrial system, and thus puts forward the evolutionary logic of the construction of modern industrial system, including two constructive paths and three levels of industrial integration development.

This paper has the following conclusions: First, from the viewpoint of the main content, the modern industrial system of China can be divided into penetration layer, core layer, and support layer, which are composed of service industry, industry and agriculture, and infrastructure system, respectively. In the modern industrial system, the real economy with industry and agriculture as the main body occupies the core position. The service industry and the infrastructure system play the role of promotion and support for the development of the real economy as the penetration layer and support layer, respectively. Second, from the viewpoint of driving forces, technological change, institutional guarantee, and cultural value shaping play their own roles respectively and are interdependent in the contradictory laws of movement of production forces, production relations, and superstructure, which become the important development motivations of the construction of modern industrial system. Third, this paper puts forward two paths for the construction of modern industrial system. One is to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries based on the joint role of technological change and institutional guarantee; the other is to develop and cultivate strategic emerging industries and future industries based on the joint role of technology change, institutional guarantee, and cultural value shaping.

This paper has the following academic value: On the one hand, based on the perspective of Marxist economics, it systematically elaborates the theoretical logic of the construction of modern industrial system, which forms a more complete theoretical framework; on the other hand, based on the analysis of the three driving forces of the construction of modern industrial system, it forms two paths of the construction of modern industrial system and the idea of three levels of industrial integration development, which is of practical reference significance.