To understand capital as a factor of new quality productive forces of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, it is necessary to grasp the following basic points from the dimension of theoretical foundation: Capital as a factor of advanced productive forces of capitalism cannot be directly equated with that of new quality productive forces of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. It requires further distinguishing between capital as the dominant social power and capital as the productive factors of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era; it requires grasping the scientific connotation of new quality productive forces outside the boundary of the “productive forces of capital”, and not directly equating the advanced technologies represented by AI or digital technology with new quality productive forces, just as Marx pointed out that the application of machines is not equal to the capitalist application of machines; and it requires fully realizing that in the context of modern China, capital as a factor of new quality productive forces does not refer in general to the newborn advanced productive forces in any era, or to capital that chases surplus value without limitations under capitalist conditions, alienates people into hired workers, and dominates everything, but refers specifically to capital as an advanced factor of socialism with Chinese characteristics that enters a new era, and as a factor of advanced productive forces that is in line with the new concept of development to promote high-quality development and Chinese path to modernization. This reflects the significance of new quality productive forces of socialism with Chinese characteristics beyond the boundaries of the social power of capital: It not only helps to overcome the erroneous tendency of dogmatism and empiricism in grasping the nature of capital, but also helps to build a high-level socialist market economic system; it helps to promote the development of economic globalization in the right direction; and it helps the “Global South” to move from “union” to “consortium” and promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.