Since the reform and opening up, China’s consumption relations have undergone tremendous changes with major changes in economic operation: Firstly, people’s consumption level achieves leapfrog growth, residents’ income sources are diversified, and immediate consumption capacity is rising rapidly; secondly, the consumption structure has changed fundamentally, the proportion of residents’ basic living needs has gradually decreased, and the consumption demand is synchronized with economic development and industrial upgrading; thirdly, the consumption level produces differentiated classification, including the levels of consumption caused by income differences, the levels of consumption caused by regional development differences, and the levels of consumption caused by the differences of consumer demand groups; fifthly, consumption contradictions become highlighted and complicated, with the diversification of consumption activities the rights and interests of consumers are being violated gradually, and there are consumption uneconomical behaviors. The evolution of China’s consumption relations is influenced by multiple contradictions in the social reproduction movement and the consumption system, that is, for the evolution of consumption relations, the evolution of economic relations in other links of social reproduction is its decisive condition, and the upgrading of consumption power is its driving force. Regulated by multiple factors and people’s demands, China’s consumption relations will eventually show a green and harmonious consumption relationship. We should follow the law of the consumption relation evolution and base on the realization of a better life for the people in the new era to build green and harmonious consumption relations. We should make efforts on optimizing consumption patterns under the guide of technological innovation, improving residents’ consumption capability by firmly enhancing the regulation of income distribution, developing the quality of consumers through improving the quality of cultural education, and establishing a harmonious consumption environment by means of perfecting relevant laws and strengthening moral restraints in the future.