中国制造业经验学习的测度、行业波动及成因差异
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财经研究 2014 年 第 40 卷第 05 期, 页码：88 - 99
摘要
参考文献
摘要
中国制造业经验学习强度的测度一直是理论界忽视的一个重要问题。文章使用一种改进的Levinsohn和Petrin(2003)半参数两阶段测度方法,率先系统测算了中国制造业的经验学习强度。研究发现,中国制造业"干中学"强度和经验扩散强度分别为0.194和0.436,这意味着成本降低率分别为12.57%和16.38%。更为重要的是,"干中学"和经验扩散呈现相互偏离的走势:一方面,"干中学"的强度逐年持续增加;另一方面,倘若以两年移动平均来衡量,经验扩散的强度则出现逐渐下降的态势。这两种走势揭示了中国制造业已经到了从技术引进和技术模仿向自主创新转变的紧迫时期。进一步地,经验扩散是中国制造业整体存在的一个系统性现象,经验扩散强度并不会随产业特征的变动而改变;相反,中国制造业的"干中学"强度在不同行业间表现出很强的异质性,这种异质性来源于行业的技术特征,这与行业内固有的产业属性紧密相关。
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[27]Wright T P.Factors affecting the cost of airplanes[J].Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences,1936,3(4):122-128.
[2]陈艳莹,鲍宗客.干中学与中国制造业市场结构:内生性沉没成本的视角[J].中国工业经济,2012,(8):43-55.
[3]李平,简泽,江飞涛.进入退出、竞争与中国工业部门的生产率——开放竞争作为一个效率增进过程[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012,(9):3-21.
[4]李玉红,王皓,郑玉歆.企业演化:中国工业生产率增长的重要途径[J].经济研究,2008,(6):12-24.
[5]刘小玄,李双杰.制造业企业相对效率的度量和比较及其外生决定因素(2000-2004)[J].经济学季刊,2008,(3):843-868.
[6]余淼杰.中国的贸易自由化与制造业企业生产率[J].经济研究,2010,(12):97-110.
[7]中国经济增长与宏观稳定课题组.干中学、低成本竞争和增长路径转变[J].经济研究,2006,(4):4-14.
[8]中国经济增长与宏观稳定课题组,张平,刘震辉,等.资本化扩张与赶超型经济的技术进步[J].经济研究,2010,(5):4-20.
[9]Argote L,Epple D.Learning curves in manufacturing[J].Science,1990,247(2):920-924.
[10]Argote L.Organizational learning:Creating,retaining and transferring knowledge[M].Netherland:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1999:38-42.
[11]Bahk B H,Gort M.Decomposing learning-by-doing In new plants[J].The Journal of Political Economy,1993,101(4):561-583.
[13]Balasubramanian N,Lieberman M.Learning-by-doing and market structure[J].The Journal of Industrial Economics,2011,59(2):177-198.
[12]Balasubramanian N,Lieberman M.Industry learning environments and the heterogeneity of firm performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(4):390-412.
[14]Barrios S,strobl E.Learning by doing and spillovers:Evidence from firm-level panel data[J].Review of Industrial Organization,2004,25(2),175-203.
[15]Benkard C L.Learning and forgetting:The dynamics of aircraft production[J].American Economic Review,2000,90(4):1034-1054.
[16]Boucekkine R,Germain M,Licandro O,et al.Creative destruction,investment volatility,and the average age of capital[J].Journal of Economic Growth,1998,3(4):361-384.
[17]Cooper R,Johri A.Learning-by-doing and aggregate fluctuations[J].Journal of Monetary Economics,2002,49(8):1539-1566.
[18]Chiang H.Learning by doing,worker turnover,and productivity dynamics[J].Working Paper,University of Maryland,2004.
[19]Dutton J M,Thomas A.Treating progress functions as a managerial opportunity[J].Academy of Management Review,1984,9(2):235-247.
[20]Levinsohn J,Petrin A.Estimating production functions using inputs to control for unobservables[J].Review of Economic Studies,2003,70(2):317-341.
[21]Levitt S T,List J A,Syverson C.Toward an understanding of learning by doing:Evidence from an automobile assembly plant[R].NBER Working Paper No.18017,2013.
[22]Middleton K A.Wartime productivity changes in the airframe industry[J].Monthly Labor Review,1945,61(2):215-225.
[23]Mincer J.Schooling,experience,and earnings[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1974.
[24]Olley G S,Pakes A.The dynamics of productivity in the telecommunication equipment industry[J].Econometrica,1996,64(6):1263-1297.
[25]Thornton R A,Thompson P.Learning from experience and learning from others:An exploration of learning and spillovers in wartime shipbuilding[J].American Economic Review,2001,91(5):1350-1368.
[26]Thompson P.How much did the liberty shipbuilders forget?[J].Management Science,2007,53(6):908-918.
[27]Wright T P.Factors affecting the cost of airplanes[J].Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences,1936,3(4):122-128.
引用本文
鲍宗客, 暴金玲. 中国制造业经验学习的测度、行业波动及成因差异[J]. 财经研究, 2014, 40(5): 88–99.
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