Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made it clear that the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization (“two civilizations”) is one of the characteristics of the Chinese path to modernization. Looking back at history, traditional Chinese culture had not formed a stable and consistent conclusion on the relationship between “material” and “spiritual” for a long time, and even regarded the two as opposing value subjects. To the extent that in modern times, the exploration of the path of saving the nation by people with lofty ideals had also shown obvious cracks. Until Marxism entered the Chinese society, the long-standing issue of the relationship between “material” and “spirit” that had been difficult to explain was easily resolved, and “material” and “spirit” in traditional Chinese culture were moving towards unity. The Party adheres to the guidance of Marxism, and in the great practice of leading China’s revolution, construction, and reform, it has always coordinated to promote economic and cultural construction, and gradually developed a strategy of governing the country with the coordinated development of “two civilizations”. No matter what the objective conditions change, the coordinated development of “two civilizations” has always pursued the material and spiritual richness of the entire social life to the “highest level” under the current social and historical conditions, and unremittingly promoted the comprehensive enrichment of things and the comprehensive development of people to a “higher level”. Thus, “two civilizations” show a trend of alternating guidance and spiral rise in a dynamic and balanced fluctuation range, and together with the Chinese path to modernization, they form a new pattern of harmonious coexistence of “one body, two wings”. Based on the reality, the current promotion of “two civilizations” still faces many challenges of the times. Looking forward to the future, facing the great rejuvenation of the nation with the Chinese path to modernization, we should adhere to the comprehensive leadership of the Party and the “two-point theory” and “key-point theory” of overall development; we should develop the digital cultural industry to promote common prosperity in both material and spiritual life; and we should deepen research on humanistic economy, continuously creating a new chapter in the coordinated development of “two civilizations”.