Using data from 319 Chinese manufacturing firms, this paper investigates the impact of relationship scope on digital platform capability based on the resource dependence theory, and explores the moderating role of environmental turbulence. The results show that both vertical relationship scope (“aligning vertically”) and horizontal relationship scope (“aligning horizontally”) have a positive impact on digital platform capability. Further analysis reveals that technological turbulence and market turbulence differentially moderate the relationship between relationship scope and digital platform capability. Specifically, technological turbulence strengthens the positive impact of vertical relationship scope on digital platform capability but weakens the positive impact of horizontal relationship scope. Conversely, market turbulence weakens the positive impact of vertical relationship scope on digital platform capability but strengthens the positive impact of horizontal relationship scope. The findings extend the application of the resource dependence theory and provide theoretical insights and guidance for firms to establish collaborative relationships and develop platform capability in the digital era to leverage new opportunities.