上海财经大学期刊社
菜单

用户创新者身份如何影响创业行为？

How do User Innovator Identities Affect Entrepreneurial Behavior?

尹苗苗，王晓楠，冯心莹，赵津艺

2026 第 48 卷 第 09 期 页码 116-131

DOI: 10.16538/j.cnki.fem.20260429.401

PDF全文下载 HTML全文

摘要

随着数字经济蓬勃发展，用户创新者的创业活动日益活跃，已成为激发全社会创业活力的重要力量。尽管现有研究表明用户创新者身份是影响创业行为的关键因素，但其身份异质性对创业行为的影响机制尚未得到充分揭示。本文基于社会身份理论，将用户创新者身份分为专业型身份、社群型身份和社会型身份，系统考察了用户创新者单一身份及不同身份交互对创业行为的作用机制。结果表明，用户创新者的专业型身份对创业行为有积极影响，社群型身份和社会型身份则对创业行为有消极影响；用户创新者专业型身份与社群型身份、专业型身份与社会型身份的交互作用均对创业行为具有积极影响。进一步发现，三类单一身份以及上述两种交互作用均通过创业机会识别影响创业行为。此外，用户创新者的社区跨越程度越高，越能将识别的创业机会转化为创业行为。本研究从社会身份视角揭示了用户创新向用户创业转化的内在机制，丰富了用户创业研究。

With the rapid development of the digital economy, entrepreneurial activities of user innovators have grown increasingly active and become an important force in stimulating nationwide entrepreneurial vitality. Although existing studies confirm that user innovator identity is a core factor affecting entrepreneurial behavior, the underlying mechanisms of identity heterogeneity remain insufficiently explored. Drawing on the social identity theory, this paper classifies user innovator identities into professional identity, community-oriented identity, and societal identity, and systematically reveals how single and multiple identities shape their entrepreneurial behavior. The results show that professional identity has a positive effect on entrepreneurial behavior, whereas community-oriented identity and societal identity have negative effects. In addition, the interaction between professional identity and community-oriented identity, as well as the interaction between professional identity and societal identity, has a positive effect on entrepreneurial behavior. Further analysis reveals that all three individual identities, as well as the two aforementioned interaction effects, influence entrepreneurial behavior through entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. Additionally, a higher level of community spanning among user innovators facilitates the translation of recognized entrepreneurial opportunities into entrepreneurial behavior. From a social identity perspective, this paper uncovers the underlying mechanisms of the transition from user innovation to user entrepreneurship, thereby enriching research on user entrepreneurship.

关键词： 用户创新者身份,创业机会识别,创业行为,社区跨越,社会身份理论

参考文献

1 陈劲, 张月遥, 阳镇. 共同富裕战略下企业创新范式的转型与重构[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2022, 43(2): 49-67. DOI:10.20201/j.cnki.ssstm.2022.02.004
2 崔连广, 张玉利, 闫旭. 心潮澎湃才能喜出望外?——创业激情对新创企业绩效的作用机制研究[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2019, 41(8): 17-28. DOI:10.16538/j.cnki.fem.2019.08.002
3 董京京, 许正良, 方琦, 等. 虚拟品牌社区顾客间互动对其产品创新行为的影响[J]. 技术经济, 2019, 38(8): 48-54 ,126.
4 彭学兵, 陈梦婕, 刘玥伶. 不同社会身份组合的创业新手如何选择自举行为?一个基于QCA方法的研究[J]. 南开管理评论, 2025, 28(3): 148-160.
5 苏晓华, 肖洁, 陈嘉茵. 创业者社会身份认知与新创企业创新[J]. 南方经济, 2020, (10): 108-124.
6 王莉, 陈韵, 金曼慧, 等. 虚拟创新社区中的参与激励与用户创业意愿[J]. 管理科学学报, 2024, 27(10): 1-16. DOI:10.19920/j.cnki.jmsc.2024.10.001
7 尹苗苗, 冯心莹, 刘鑫怡. 用户创业者的身份演化过程——基于身份建构视角的多案例研究[J]. 南开管理评论, 2025, 28(3): 161-172,184.
8 尹苗苗, 李纪莹. 反客为主: 领先用户如何成为创业者?[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2023, 45(6): 137-152. DOI:10.16538/j.cnki.fem.20230111.401
9 朱蓉, 温傲, 邓春平. 用户社会创业企业的商业生态系统构建案例研究[J]. 管理评论, 2022, 34(6): 341-352. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1952.2022.6.glpl202206029
10 Alsos G A, Clausen T H, Hytti U, et al. Entrepreneurs’ social identity and the preference of causal and effectual behaviours in start-up processes[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2016, 28(3-4): 234-258. DOI:10.1080/08985626.2016.1155742
11 Autio E, Dahlander L, Frederiksen L. Information exposure, opportunity evaluation, and entrepreneurial action: An investigation of an online user community[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2013, 56(5): 1348-1371. DOI:10.5465/amj.2010.0328
12 Brändle L, Berger E S C, Golla S, et al. I am what I am-how nascent entrepreneurs’ social identity affects their entrepreneurial self-efficacy[J]. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 2018, 9: 17-23. DOI:10.1016/j.jbvi.2017.12.001
13 Brem A, Bilgram V, Marchuk A. How crowdfunding platforms change the nature of user innovation-from problem solving to entrepreneurship[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2019, 144: 348-360. DOI:10.1016/j.techfore.2017.11.020
14 Chandra Y, Leenders M A A M. User innovation and entrepreneurship in the virtual worlds: A study of Second Life residents[J]. Technovation, 2012, 32(7-8): 464-476. DOI:10.1016/j.technovation.2012.02.002
15 Clarysse B, Andries P, Boone S, et al. Institutional logics and founders’ identity orientation: Why academic entrepreneurs aspire lower venture growth[J]. Research Policy, 2023, 52(3): 104713. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2022.104713
16 de Jong J P J. Surveying innovation in samples of individual end consumers[J]. European Journal of Innovation Management, 2016, 19(3): 406-423. DOI:10.1108/EJIM-09-2015-0093
17 de Jong J P J, Rigtering C, Spaans L. Heroes of diffusion: Making user innovations widely available[J]. Research Policy, 2023, 52(8): 104840. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2023.104840
18 Del Bosco B, Chierici R, Mazzucchelli A. User entrepreneurship in the video game industry: The role of communities[J]. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2020, 27(4): 681-701. DOI:10.1108/JSBED-07-2019-0252
19 Fauchart E, Gruber M. Darwinians, communitarians, and missionaries: The role of founder identity in entrepreneurship[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2011, 54(5): 935-957. DOI:10.5465/amj.2009.0211
20 Fischer-Kreer D, Greven A, Grimm M, et al. Understanding individual-level drivers of disruptive innovations: The role of founder’s social identity[J]. Research Policy, 2025, 54(5): 105215. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2025.105215
21 Gruber M, MacMillan I C. Entrepreneurial behavior: A reconceptualization and extension based on identity theory[J]. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2017, 11(3): 271-286. DOI:10.1002/sej.1262
22 Halbinger M A. The role of makerspaces in supporting consumer innovation and diffusion: An empirical analysis[J]. Research Policy, 2018, 47(10): 2028-2036. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2018.07.008
23 Halbinger M A, Reichstein T, Melillo F. The entrepreneurial edge: Evidence of social identity and other-orientation in communities of interest[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2025, 34(3): 425-457. DOI:10.1093/icc/dtae022
24 Hamdi-Kidar L, Vellera C. Triggers entrepreneurship among creative consumers[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2018, 92: 465-473. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.018
25 Hienerth C, Lettl C. Exploring how peer communities enable lead user innovations to become standard equipment in the industry: Community pull effects[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2011, 28(S1): 175-195. DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00869.x
26 Mmbaga N A, Mathias B D, Williams D W, et al. A review of and future agenda for research on identity in entrepreneurship[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2020, 35(6): 106049. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106049
27 Mollick E. Filthy lucre? innovative communities, identity, and commercialization[J]. Organization Science, 2016, 27(6): 1472-1487. DOI:10.1287/orsc.2016.1100
28 Oo P P, Allison T H, Sahaym A, et al. User entrepreneurs’ multiple identities and crowdfunding performance: Effects through product innovativeness, perceived passion, and need similarity[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2019, 34(5): 105895. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.08.005
29 Ozgen E, Baron R A. Social sources of information in opportunity recognition: Effects of mentors, industry networks, and professional forums[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2007, 22(2): 174-192. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.12.001
30 Packard M D, Madjdi F. Seeing expectations as “opportunities”: Interpretive philosophy and the origins of “opportunity” perceptions[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2026, 50(3): 830-861. DOI:10.1177/10422587251392499
31 Pittino D, Visintin F, Harirchi G. Founders’ hybrid social identities and radical innovation in new technology-based ventures[J/OL]. European Management Review, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/emre.70077, 2026-05-13.
32 Radu-Lefebvre M, Lefebvre V, Crosina E, et al. Entrepreneurial identity: A review and research agenda[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2021, 45(6): 1550-1590. DOI:10.1177/10422587211013795
33 Shah S, Tripsas M. When do user-innovators start firms? a theory of user entrepreneurship[A]. Harhoff D, Lakhani K R. Revolutionizing innovation: Users, communities and open innovation[M]. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2016.
34 Shah S K, Tripsas M. The accidental entrepreneur: The emergent and collective process of user entrepreneurship[J]. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2007, 1(1-2): 123-140. DOI:10.1002/sej.15
35 Shepherd D A, Williams T A, Patzelt H. Thinking about entrepreneurial decision making: Review and research agenda[J]. Journal of Management, 2015, 41(1): 11-46. DOI:10.1177/0149206314541153
36 Shirokova G, Osiyevskyy O, Bogatyreva K. Exploring the intention-behavior link in student entrepreneurship: Moderating effects of individual and environmental characteristics[J]. European Management Journal, 2016, 34(4): 386-399. DOI:10.1016/j.emj.2015.12.007
37 Sieger P, Gruber M, Fauchart E, et al. Measuring the social identity of entrepreneurs: Scale development and international validation[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2016, 31(5): 542-572. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.07.001
38 Srivastava S, Escudero S B, Oo P P. Passive consumer to active creator: Review of drivers, processes, and outcomes of user entrepreneurship[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2026, 50(1): 81-114. DOI:10.1177/10422587251368240
39 Tajfel H, Turner J C. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict[A]. Austin W G, Worchel S. The social psychology of intergroup relations[M]. Monterey: Brooks/Cole, 1979.
40 Von Hippel E. Democratizing innovation[M]. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005.
41 Yu X, de Jong J P J. An identity perspective on the diffusion of user innovations in the household sector[J]. Research Policy, 2024, 53(4): 104986. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2024.104986