Online social capital（OSC）refers to the social relationship resources that can be mobilized and utilized by actors based on the social connection and trust relationship formed by Internet platforms, social media, and other network tools. In the Internet era, the accumulation and utilization of OSC provides necessary support and guarantee for obtaining more development opportunities and space, and also becomes an important action strategy to improve organizational performance and promote sustainable development of organizations. Through the systematic review of OSC literature, this paper first summarizes and analyzes the conceptual connotation of OSC and five important characteristics that are different from traditional offline social capital. Second, this paper reviews the measurement methods of OSC and the corresponding data analysis methods. Third, this paper summarizes the influencing factors and results of OSC, and builds an integrated research framework. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions for future research from the aspects of strengthening the research on the relationship between OSC and offline social capital, innovating its measurement methods, exploring its anthems, deepening its after-effects, and carrying out localization research in the Chinese context. This paper provides a relatively complete framework and reference for the subsequent researchers of OSC, which is helpful to better understand, explain, and play the practical significance and effect of OSC.