The slack resources have been the focus of resource-based theory, agency theory and so on. Over the past thirty years, the research on slack resources has made a lot of achievements. On the basis of the systematic review of relevant literature, this paper analyzes the connotation, classification structure and measurement methods of slack resources, and explores the factors affecting slack resources from the perspectives of external environment, risk propensity, previous organizational performance and organizational size & age. And it illustrates the relationship between slack resources and corporate economic performance, especially the mediating role of technological innovation, social responsibilities and diversification strategy, and the moderating role of industry dynamism and venture capital. It provides a new idea for the research of organizational slack resources, enriches resource-based theory, and also offers useful reference for reasonable resource allocation in organizations.