With the extension of organizational ambidexterity theory and the evolution of human resource management theory, many scholars gradually focus on the relationship between strategic human resource management(SHRM) and organizational ambidexterity.Based on structure view, contextual view and dynamic view, this paper sorts out the literature of the relationship between SHRM and organizational ambidexterity, and systematically compares the studies in terms of human capital, employee motivations, and social networks.Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the main problems in the current research, it makes prospects for future research of the relationship between SHRM and organizational ambidexterity in four aspects.