The political environment and its stakeholders, with the government as the main body, play an increasingly important role in the development of the company. As a result, the political capabilities of senior corporate leaders are also increasingly critical. According to the relevant literature and using social network analysis methods, this paper clarifies and defines the concept and characteristics of the political capabilities of top leaders, and believes that political capabilities are a kind of capability possessed by corporate senior leaders and their leading teams, based on the enterprise conditions and the external environment, through the development of political and business relations and the allocation of political resources, predicting, adapting and influencing the political environment of enterprises to prevent and control policy risks, gain competitive advantages, and improve the performance of enterprises.　　At the same time, through a systematic review of existing research, this paper finds that the political capabilities of senior corporate leaders are composed of three aspects of capacity characteristics: political and institutional environment control, political relationship network development, political resource integration and application. The formation of senior corporate leaders’ political capabilities is influenced by three factors: leader, organization and environment. Among them, the characteristics of the leader include the values, personalities, cognitive preferences and knowledge experience of senior corporate leaders. The organizational characteristics include the ownership structure, the size and the stage of development of the company, etc. The environmental characteristics mainly include the maturity of the national market environment, the characteristics of the institutional environment, and the environmental characteristics of the industry. In addition, this paper also finds that the influence of senior corporate leaders’ political capabilities is mainly on the organizational and environmental levels. At the organizational level, senior corporate leaders’ political capabilities mainly affect the strategic choice of enterprises and the competitive advantage of enterprises, which in turn affects the value and performance of enterprises. At the macro-environment level, political capabilities help enterprises to obtain a public policy environment beneficial to themselves, and avoid policy risks from the external environment.　　Finally, based on the above research, this paper constructs an integration model of senior corporate leaders’ political capabilities, and puts forward future research directions. It believes that the follow-up research can further develop the measurement scale of senior corporate leaders’ political capabilities, explore the intermediary mechanism of corporate political strategic behaviors between senior corporate leaders’ political capabilities and corporate output, and study the comparative differences between the characteristics of senior corporate leaders’ political capabilities and the results of their roles in different cultural backgrounds, as well as the other results and formation mechanisms of senior corporate leaders’ political capabilities. The results provide a systematic theoretical framework for the follow-up research, which contributes to the practice and effective application of senior corporate leaders’ political capabilities.